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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the documents you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, This Site to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a check my reference complimentary, decryption-only tool.